Bibliography
- Aitchison, E. (1996). Methane generation from UK landfill sites and its use as an energy resource. *Energy Conversion and Management*, 37(6/8):1111–1116. doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00306-1. [www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/01968904/1996/00000037/00000006/art00306](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/01968904/1996/00000037/00000006/art00306).
- Amos, W. A. (2004). Updated cost analysis of photobiological hydrogen production from *Chlamydomonas reinhardtii* green algae – milestone completion report. [www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35593.pdf](http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy04osti/35593.pdf).
- Anderson, K., Bows, A., Mander, S., Shackley, S., Agnolucci, P., and Ekins, P. (2006). Decarbonising modern societies: Integrated scenarios process and workshops. Technical Report 48, Tyndall Centre. [www.tyndall.ac.uk/research/theme2/final\_reports/t3\_24.pdf](http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/research/theme2/final_reports/t3_24.pdf).
- Archer, M. D. and Barber, J. (2004). Photosynthesis and photoconversion. In M. D. Archer and J. Barber, editors, *Molecular to Global Photosynthesis*. World Scientific. ISBN 978-1-86094-256-3. [www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/p218.html](http://www.worldscibooks.com/lifesci/p218.html).
- Ashworth, W. and Pegg, M. (1986). *The history of the British coal industry. Vol. 5, 1946–1982: the nationalized industry*. Clarendon, Oxford. ISBN 0198282958.
- Asplund, G. (2004). Sustainable energy systems with HVDC transmission. In *Power Engineering Society General Meeting*, volume 2, pages 2299–2303. IEEE. doi:10.1109/PES.2004.1373296. [www.trec-uk.org.uk/reports/HVDC\_Gunnar\_Asplund\_ABB.pdf](http://www.trec-uk.org.uk/reports/HVDC_Gunnar_Asplund_ABB.pdf).
- Asselbergs, B., Bokhorst, J., Harms, R., van Hemert, J., van der Noort, L., ten Velden, C., Vervuurt, R., Wijnen, L., and van Zon, L. (2006). Size does matter – the possibilities of cultivating *jatropha curcas* for biofuel production in Cambodia. [environmental.scum.org/biofuel/jatropha/](http://environmental.scum.org/biofuel/jatropha/).
- Baer, P. and Mastrandrea, M. (2006). High stakes: Designing emissions pathways to reduce the risk of dangerous climate change. [www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/](http://www.ippr.org/publicationsandreports/).
- Bahrman, M. P. and Johnson, B. K. (2007). The ABCs of HVDC transmission technology. *IEEE Power and Energy Magazine*, 5(2).
- Baines, J. A., Newman, V. G., Hanna, I. W., Douglas, T. H., Carlyle, W. J., Jones, I. L., Eaton, D. M., and Zeronian, G. (1983). Dinorwig pumped storage scheme. *Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings pt. 1*, 74:635–718.
- Baines, J. A., Newman, V. G., Hanna, I. W., Douglas, T. H., Carlyle, W. J., Jones, I. L., Eaton, D. M., and Zeronian, G. (1986). Dinorwig pumped storage scheme. *Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings pt. 1*, 80:493–536.
- Baker, C., Walbancke, J., and Leach, P. (2006). Tidal lagoon power generation scheme in Swansea Bay. [www.dti.gov.uk/files/file30617.pdf](http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file30617.pdf). A report on behalf of the Department of Trade and Industry and the Welsh Development Agency.
- Bayer Crop Science. (2003). Potential of GM winter oilseed rape to reduce the environmental impact of farming whilst improving farmer incomes. [tinyurl.com/5j99df](http://tinyurl.com/5j99df).
- Bickley, D. T. and Ryrie, S. C. (1982). A two-basin tidal power scheme for the Severn estuary. In *Conference on new approaches to tidal power*.
- Binder, M., Faltenbacher, M., Kentzler, M., and Schuckert, M. (2006). Clean urban transport for Europe. deliverable D8 final report. [www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com/](http://www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com/).
- Black and Veatch. (2005). The UK tidal stream resource and tidal stream technology. Report prepared for the Carbon Trust Marine Energy Challenge. [www.carbontrust.co.uk/technology/technologyaccelerator/tidal\_stream.htm](http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/technology/technologyaccelerator/tidal_stream.htm).
- Blunden, L. S. and Bahaj, A. S. (2007). Tidal energy resource assessment for tidal stream generators. *Proc. IMechE*, 221 Part A:137–146.
- Bonan, G. B. (2002). *Ecological Climatology: Concepts and Applications*. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521804769.
- Boyer, J. S. (1982). Plant productivity and environment. *Science*, 218(4571):443–448. doi:10.1126/science.218.4571.443.
- Braslow, A. L. (1999). *A history of suction-type laminar-flow control with emphasis on flight research*. Number 13 in Monographs in Aerospace History. NASA. [www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/pdf/88792main\_Laminar.pdf](http://www.nasa.gov/centers/dryden/pdf/88792main_Laminar.pdf).
- Broecker, W. S. and Kunzig, R. (2008). *Fixing Climate: What Past Climate Changes Reveal About the Current Threat–and How to Counter It*. Hill and Wang. ISBN 0809045028.
- Burnham, A., Wang, M., and Wu, Y. (2007). Development and applications of GREET 2.7 — the transportation vehicle-cycle model.[www.transportation.anl.gov/software/GREET/publications.html](http://www.transportation.anl.gov/software/GREET/publications.html).
- Carbon Trust. (2007). Micro-CHP accelerator – interim report. Technical Report CTC726. [www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/publicationdetail.htm?productid=CTC726](http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/publications/publicationdetail.htm?productid=CTC726).
- Carlsson, L. (2002). "Classical" HVDC: still continuing to evolve. *Modern Power Systems*.
- Cartwright, D. E., Edden, A. C., Spencer, R., and Vassie, J. M. (1980). The tides of the northeast Atlantic Ocean. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A*, 298(1436):87–139.
- Catling, D. T. (1966). Principles and practice of train performance applied to London Transport's Victoria line. Paper 8, Convention on Guided Land Transport (London, 27-28 October 1966).
- Charlier, R. H. (2003a). Sustainable co-generation from the tides: A review. *Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews*, 7:187–213.
- Charlier, R. H. (2003b). A "sleeper" awakes: tidal current power. *Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews*, 7:515–529.
- Charney, J. G., Arakawa, A., Baker, D. J., Bolin, B., Dickinson, R. E., Goody, R. M., Leith, C. E., Stommel, H. M., and Wunsch, C. I. (1979). Carbon dioxide and climate: A scientific assessment. [www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record\_id=12181](http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12181).
- Chisholm, S. W., Falkowski, P. G., and Cullen, J. J. (2001). Discrediting ocean fertilisation. *Science*, 294(5541):309–310.
- Chitrakar, R., Kanoh, H., Miyai, Y., and Ooi, K. (2001). Recovery of lithium from seawater using manganese oxide adsorbent (H1.6Mn1.6O4) derived from Li1.6Mn1.6O4. *Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.*, 40(9):2054–2058. [pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/iecred/2001/40/i09/abs/ie000911h.html](http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/iecred/2001/40/i09/abs/ie000911h.html).
- Church, R. A., Hall, A., and Kanefsky, J. (1986). *The history of the British coal industry. Vol. 3, 1830–1913: Victorian pre-eminence*. Clarendon, Oxford. ISBN 0198282842.
- Cohen, B. L. (1983). Breeder reactors: A renewable energy source. *American Journal of Physics*, 51(1):75–76. [sustainablenuclear.org/PADs/pad11983cohen.pdf](http://sustainablenuclear.org/PADs/pad11983cohen.pdf).
- Coley, D. (2001). Emission factors for walking and cycling. [www.centres.ex.ac.uk/cee/publications/reports/91.html](http://www.centres.ex.ac.uk/cee/publications/reports/91.html).
- Committee on Radioactive Waste Management. (2006). Managing our radioactive waste safely: CoRWM July 2006 Recommendations to Government [www.corwm.org.uk/documentstore](http://www.corwm.org.uk/documentstore).
- CUTE. (2006). Clean urban transport for Europe. detailed summary of achievements. [www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com/](http://www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com/).
- David, J. and Herzog, H. (2000). The cost of carbon capture. [sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/David\_and\_Herzog.pdf](http://sequestration.mit.edu/pdf/David_and_Herzog.pdf). presented at the Fifth International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Cairns, Australia, August 13 - August 16 (2000).
- Davidson, E. A. and Janssens, I. A. (2006). Temperature sensitivity of soil carbon decomposition and feedbacks to climate change. *Nature*, 440:165–173. doi:10.1038/nature04514. [www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7081/full/nature04514.html](http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v440/n7081/full/nature04514.html).
- Deffeyes, K. S. and MacGregor, I. D. (1980). World uranium resources. *Scientific American*, pages 66–76.
- Denholm, P., Kulcinski, G. L., and Holloway, T. (2005). Emissions and energy efficiency assessment of baseload wind energy systems. *Environ Sci Technol*, 39(6):1903–1911. ISSN 0013-936X. [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15819254?dopt=Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15819254?dopt=Abstract).
- Denison, R. A. (1997). Life-cycle assessment for paper products. In E. Ellwood, J. Antle, G. Eyring, and P. Schulze, editors, *Wood in Our Future: The Role of Life-Cycle Analysis: Proceedings of a Symposium*. National Academy Press. ISBN 0309057450. [books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record\_id=5734](http://books.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=5734).
- Dennis, C. (2006). Solar energy: Radiation nation. *Nature*, 443:23–24. doi:10.1038/443023a.
- Department for Transport. (2007). Transport statistics Great Britain. [www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/tsgb/](http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/statistics/datatablespublications/tsgb/).
- Department of Defense. (2008). More fight – less fuel. Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on DoD Energy Strategy.
- Department of Trade and Industry. (2004). DTI Atlas of UK marine renewable energy resources. [www.offshore-sea.org.uk/](http://www.offshore-sea.org.uk/).
- Department of Trade and Industry. (2002a). Energy consumption in the United Kingdom. [www.berr.gov.uk/files/file11250.pdf](http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file11250.pdf).
- Department of Trade and Industry. (2002b). Future offshore. [www.berr.gov.uk/files/file22791.pdf](http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file22791.pdf).
- Department of Trade and Industry. (2007). Impact of banding the renewables obligation – costs of electricity production. [www.berr.gov.uk/files/file39038.pdf](http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file39038.pdf).
- Dessler, A. E. and Parson, E. A. (2006). *The Science and Politics of Global Climate Change – A Guide to the Debate*. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521539418.
- di Prampero, P. E., Cortili, G., Mognoni, P., and Saibene, F. (1979). Equation of motion of a cyclist. *J. Appl. Physiology*, 47:201–206. [jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/1/201](http://jap.physiology.org/cgi/content/abstract/47/1/201).
- Diamond, J. (2004). *Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed*. Penguin.
- E4tech. (2007). A review of the UK innovation system for low carbon road transport technologies. [www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/scienceresearch/technology/lctis/e4techlcpdf](http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/scienceresearch/technology/lctis/e4techlcpdf).
- Eckhartt, D. (1995). Nuclear fuels for low-beta fusion reactors: Lithium resources revisited. *Journal of Fusion Energy*, 14(4):329–341. ISSN 0164-0313 (Print) 1572-9591 (Online). doi:10.1007/BF02214511. [www.springerlink.com/content/35470543rj8t2gk1/](http://www.springerlink.com/content/35470543rj8t2gk1/).
- Eddington, R. (2006). Transport's role in sustaining the UK's productivity and competitiveness.
- Eden, R. and Bending, R. (1985). Gas/electricity competition in the UK. Technical Report 85/6, Cambridge Energy Research Group, Cambridge.
- Elliott, D. L., Wendell, L. L., and Gower, G. L. (1991). An assessment of windy land area and wind energy potential in the contiguous United States. [www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/5252760-ccuOpk/](http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/5252760-ccuOpk/).
- Energy for Sustainable Development Ltd. (2003). English partnerships sustainable energy review. [www.englishpartnerships.co.uk](http://www.englishpartnerships.co.uk).
- Erdincler, A. U. and Vesilind, P. A. (1993). Energy recovery from mixed waste paper. *Waste Management & Research*, 11(6):507–513. doi:10.1177/0734242X9301100605.
- Etheridge, D., Steele, L., Langenfelds, R., Francey, R., Barnola, J.-M., and Morgan, V. (1998). Historical CO2 records from the Law Dome DE08, DE08-2, and DSS ice cores. In *Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change*. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA. [cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html](http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/lawdome.html).
- European Commission. (2007). Concentrating solar power - from research to implementation. [www.solarpaces.org/Library/library.htm](http://www.solarpaces.org/Library/library.htm).
- Evans, D. G. (2007). Liquid transport biofuels – technology status report. [www.nnfcc.co.uk/](http://www.nnfcc.co.uk/).
- Evans, R. K. (2008). An abundance of lithium. [www.worldlithium.com](http://www.worldlithium.com).
- Faber, T. E. (1995). *Fluid dynamics for physicists*. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Faiman, D., Raviv, D., and Rosenstreich, R. (2007). Using solar energy to arrest the increasing rate of fossil-fuel consumption: The southwestern states of the USA as case studies. *Energy Policy*, 35:567–576.
- Fies, B., Peterson, T., and Powicki, C. (2007). Solar photovoltaics – expanding electric generation options. [mydocs.epri.com/docs/SEIG/1016279\_Photovoltaic\_White\_Paper\_1207.pdf](http://mydocs.epri.com/docs/SEIG/1016279_Photovoltaic_White_Paper_1207.pdf).
- Fisher, K., Wallén, E., Laenen, P. P., and Collins, M. (2006). Battery waste management life cycle assessment.[www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/batteries/pdf/erm-lcareport0610.pdf](http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/waste/topics/batteries/pdf/erm-lcareport0610.pdf).
- Flather, R. A. (1976). A tidal model of the north-west European continental shelf. *Memoires Société Royale des Sciences de Liège*, 10(6):141–164.
- Flinn, M. W. and Stoker, D. (1984). *The history of the British coal industry. Vol. 2, 1700–1830: the Industrial Revolution*. Clarendon, Oxford. ISBN 0198282834.
- Francis, G., Edinger, R., and Becker, K. (2005). A concept for simultaneous wasteland reclamation, fuel production, and socio-economic development in degraded areas in India: Need, potential and perspectives of Jatropha plantations. *Natural Resources Forum*, 29(1):12–24. doi:10.1111/j.1477-8947.2005.00109.x.
- Franklin, J. (2007). Principles of cycle planning. [www.cyclenetwork.org.uk/papers/071119principles.pdf](http://www.cyclenetwork.org.uk/papers/071119principles.pdf).
- Freeston, D. H. (1996). Direct uses of geothermal energy 1995. [geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull17-1/art1.pdf](http://geoheat.oit.edu/bulletin/bull17-1/art1.pdf).
- Gabrielli, G. and von Kármán, T. (1950). What price speed? *Mechanical Engineering*, 72(10).
- Garrett, C. and Cummins, P. (2005). The power potential of tidal currents in channels. *Proceedings of the Royal Society A*, 461(2060):2563–2572. [dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1494](http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2005.1494).
- Garrett, C. and Cummins, P. (2007). The efficiency of a turbine in a tidal channel. *J Fluid Mech*, 588:243–251. [journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=1346064](http://journals.cambridge.org/production/action/cjoGetFulltext?fulltextid=1346064).
- Gellings, C. W. and Parmenter, K. E. (2004). Energy efficiency in fertilizer production and use. In C. W. Gellings and K. Blok, editors, *Efficient Use and Conservation of Energy*, Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. Eolss Publishers, Oxford, UK. [www.eolss.net](http://www.eolss.net).
- German Aerospace Center (DLR) Institute of Technical Thermodynamics Section Systems Analysis and Technology Assessment. (2006). Concentrating solar power for the Mediterranean region. [www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp](http://www.dlr.de/tt/med-csp). Study commissioned by Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Germany.
- Goodstein, D. (2004). *Out of Gas*. W. W. Norton and Company, New York. ISBN 0393058573.
- Green, J. E. (2006). Civil aviation and the environment – the next frontier for the aerodynamicist. *Aeronautical Journal*, 110(1110):469–486.
- Grubb, M. and Newbery, D. (2008). Pricing carbon for electricity generation: national and international dimensions. In M. Grubb, T. Jamasb, and M. G. Pollitt, editors, *Delivering a Low Carbon Electricity System: Technologies, Economics and Policy*. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Gummer, J., Goldsmith, Z., Peck, J., Eggar, T., Hurd, N., Miraj, A., Norris, S., Northcote, B., Oliver, T., Strong, D., Twitchen, K., and Wilkie, K. (2007). Blueprint for a green economy. [www.qualityoflifechallenge.com](http://www.qualityoflifechallenge.com).
- Halkema, J. A. (2006). Wind energy: Facts and fiction. [www.countryguardian.net/halkema-windenergyfactfiction.pdf](http://www.countryguardian.net/halkema-windenergyfactfiction.pdf).
- Hammond, G. and Jones, C. (2006). Inventory of carbon & energy (ICE). [www.bath.ac.uk/mech-eng/sert/embodied/](http://www.bath.ac.uk/mech-eng/sert/embodied/). version 1.5a Beta.
- Hammons, T. J. (1993). Tidal power. *Proceedings of the IEEE*, 8(3):419–433.
- Hansen, J., Sato, M., Kharecha, P., Russell, G., Lea, D., and Siddall, M. (2007). Climate change and trace gases. *Phil. Trans. Royal. Soc. A*, 365:1925–1954. doi:10.1098/rsta.2007.2052. [pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abstracts/2007/Hansen\_etal\_2.html](http://pubs.giss.nasa.gov/abstracts/2007/Hansen_etal_2.html).
- Hastings, R. and Wall, M. (2006). *Sustainable Solar Housing: Strategies And Solutions*. Earthscan. ISBN 1844073254.
- Hatcher, J. (1993). *The History of the British Coal Industry: Towards the Age of Coal: Before 1700 Vol 1*. Clarendon Press.
- Heaton, E., Voigt, T., and Long, S. (2004). A quantitative review comparing the yields of two candidate C4 perennial biomass crops in relation to nitrogen, temperature, and water. *Biomass and Bioenergy*, 27:21–30.
- Helm, D., Smale, R., and Phillips, J. (2007). Too good to be true? The UK's climate change record. [www.dieterhelm.co.uk/publications/Carbon\_record\_2007.pdf](http://www.dieterhelm.co.uk/publications/Carbon_record_2007.pdf).
- Helweg-Larsen, T. and Bull, J. (2007). Zero carbon Britain – an alternative energy strategy. [zerocarbonbritain.com/](http://zerocarbonbritain.com/).
- Herring, J. (2004). Uranium and thorium resource assessment. In C. J. Cleveland, editor, *Encyclopedia of Energy*. Boston University, Boston, USA. ISBN 0-12-176480-X.
- Herzog, H. (2003). Assessing the feasibility of capturing co2 from the air. [web.mit.edu/coal/working\_folder/pdfs/Air\_Capture\_Feasibility.pdf](http://web.mit.edu/coal/working_folder/pdfs/Air_Capture_Feasibility.pdf).
- Herzog, H. (2001). What future for carbon capture and sequestration? *Environmental Science and Technology*, 35:148A–153A. [sequestration.mit.edu/](http://sequestration.mit.edu/).
- Hird, V., Emerson, C., Noble, E., Longfield, J., Williams, V., Goetz, D., Hoskins, R., Paxton, A., and Dupee, G. (1999). Still on the road to ruin? An assessment of the debate over the unnecessary transport of food, five years on from the food miles report.
- Hodgson, P. (1999). *Nuclear Power, Energy and the Environment*. Imperial College Press.
- Hopfield, J. J. and Gollub, J. (1978). Introduction to solar energy. [www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/sustainable/solar/HopfieldGollub78/scan.html](http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/sustainable/solar/HopfieldGollub78/scan.html).
- Horie, H., Tanjo, Y., Miyamoto, T., and Koga, Y. (1997). Development of a lithium-ion battery pack system for EV. *JSAE Review*, 18(3):295–300.
- HPTCJ. (2007). Heat pumps: Long awaited way out of the global warming. [www.hptcj.or.jp/about\_e/contribution/index.html](http://www.hptcj.or.jp/about_e/contribution/index.html).
- Indermuhle, A., Stocker, T., Joos, F., Fischer, H., Smith, H., Wahlen, M., Deck, B., Mastroianni, D., Tschumi, J., Blunier, T., Meyer, R., and Stauffer, B. (1999). Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on CO2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica. *Nature*, 398:121–126.
- International Energy Agency. (2001). Things that go blip in the night – standby power and how to limit it. [www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2000/blipinthenight01.pdf](http://www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2000/blipinthenight01.pdf).
- Jackson, P. and Kershaw, S. (1996). Reducing long term methane emissions resulting from coal mining. *Energy Conversion and Management*, 37(6-8):801–806. doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00259-6.
- Jevons, W. S. (1866). *The Coal Question; An Inquiry concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of our Coal-mines*. Macmillan and Co., London, second edition. [oll.libertyfund.org/](http://oll.libertyfund.org/).
- Jones, I. S. F. (2008). The production of additional marine protein by nitrogen nourishment. [www.oceannourishment.com/files/Jc08.pdf](http://www.oceannourishment.com/files/Jc08.pdf).
- Jones, P. M. S. (1984). Statistics and nuclear energy. *The Statistician*, 33(1):91–102. [www.jstor.org/pss/2987717](http://www.jstor.org/pss/2987717).
- Judd, B., Harrison, D. P., and Jones, I. S. F. (2008). Engineering ocean nourishment. In *World Congress on Engineering WCE 2008*, pages 1315–1319. IAENG. ISBN 978-988-98671-9-5.
- Juniper, T. (2007). *How Many Lightbulbs does it take To Change a Planet?* Quercus, London.
- Kammen, D. M. and Hassenzahl, D. M. (1999). *Should We Risk It? Exploring Environmental, Health, and Technological Problem Solving*. Princeton University Press.
- Kaneko, T., Shimada, M., Kujiraoka, S., and Kojima, T. (2004). Easy maintenance and environmentally-friendly train traction system. *Hitachi Review*, 53(1):15–19. [www.hitachi.com/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2004/05/25/r2004\_01\_103.pdf](http://www.hitachi.com/ICSFiles/afieldfile/2004/05/25/r2004_01_103.pdf).
- Keeling, C. and Whorf, T. (2005). Atmospheric CO2 records from sites in the SIO air sampling network. In *Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change*. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA.
- Keith, D. W., Ha-Duong, M., and Stolaroff, J. K. (2005). Climate strategy with CO2 capture from the air. *Climatic Change*. doi:10.1007/s10584-005-9026-x. [www.ucalgary.ca/keith/papers/51.Keith.2005.ClimateStratWithAirCapture.e.pdf](http://www.ucalgary.ca/keith/papers/51.Keith.2005.ClimateStratWithAirCapture.e.pdf).
- King, J. (2007). The King review of low-carbon cars. Part I: the potential for CO2 reduction. [hm-treasury.gov.uk/king](http://hm-treasury.gov.uk/king).
- King, J. (2008). The King review of low-carbon cars. Part II: recommendations for action. [hm-treasury.gov.uk/king](http://hm-treasury.gov.uk/king).
- Koomey, J. G. (2007). Estimating total power consumption by servers in the US and the world. [blogs.business2.com/greenwombat/files/serverpowerusecomplete-v3.pdf](http://blogs.business2.com/greenwombat/files/serverpowerusecomplete-v3.pdf).
- Kowalik, Z. (2004). Tide distribution and tapping into tidal energy. *Oceanologia*, 46(3):291–331.
- Kuehr, R. (2003). *Computers and the Environment: Understanding and Managing their Impacts (Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science)*. Springer. ISBN 1402016808.
- Lackner, K. S., Grimes, P., and Ziock, H.-J. (2001). Capturing carbon dioxide from air. [www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/carbon\_seq/7b1.pdf](http://www.netl.doe.gov/publications/proceedings/01/carbon_seq/7b1.pdf). Presented at First National Conference on Carbon Sequestration, Washington DC.
- Lawson, B. (1996). Building materials, energy and the environment: Towards ecologically sustainable development.
- Layzell, D. B., Stephen, J., and Wood, S. M. (2006). Exploring the potential for biomass power in Ontario. [www.biocap.ca/files/Ont\_bioenergy\_OPA\_Feb23\_final.pdf](http://www.biocap.ca/files/Ont_bioenergy_OPA_Feb23_final.pdf).
- Le Quéré, C., Rödenbeck, C., Buitenhuis, E., Conway, T. J., Langenfelds, R., Gomez, A., Labuschagne, C., Ramonet, M., Nakazawa, T., Metzl, N., Gillett, N., and Heimann, M. (2007). Saturation of the southern ocean CO2 sink due to recent climate change.*Science*, 316:1735–1738. doi:10.1126/science.1136188. [lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/e415/publications.html](http://lgmacweb.env.uea.ac.uk/e415/publications.html).
- Lemofouet-Gatsi, S. (2006). *Investigation and optimisation of hybrid electricity storage systems based on compressed air and supercapacitors.* PhD thesis, EPFL. [library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3628](http://library.epfl.ch/theses/?nr=3628).
- Lemofouet-Gatsi, S. and Rufer, A. (2005). Hybrid energy systems based on compressed air and supercapacitors with maximum efficiency point tracking. [leiwww.epfl.ch/publications/lemofouet\_rufer\_epe\_05.pdf](http://leiwww.epfl.ch/publications/lemofouet_rufer_epe_05.pdf).
- Lomborg, B. (2001). *The skeptical environmentalist: measuring the real state of the world*. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. ISBN 0-521-80447-7.
- Mabee, W. E., Saddler, J. N., Nielsen, C., Henrik, L., and Steen Jensen, E. (2006). Renewable-based fuels for transport. [www.risoe.dk/rispubl/Energy-report5/ris-r-1557\_49-52.pdf](http://www.risoe.dk/rispubl/Energy-report5/ris-r-1557_49-52.pdf). Riso Energy Report 5.
- MacDonald, J. M. (2008). The economic organization of US broiler production. [www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB38/EIB38.pdf](http://www.ers.usda.gov/Publications/EIB38/EIB38.pdf). Economic Information Bulletin No. 38. Economic Research Service, US Dept. of Agriculture.
- MacDonald, P., Stedman, A., and Symons, G. (1992). The UK geothermal hot dry rock R\&D programme. In *Seventeenth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering*.
- MacKay, D. J. C. (2007a). Enhancing electrical supply by pumped storage in tidal lagoons. [www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/abstracts/Lagoons.html](http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/abstracts/Lagoons.html).
- MacKay, D. J. C. (2007b). Under-estimation of the UK tidal resource. [www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/abstracts/TideEstimate.html](http://www.inference.phy.cam.ac.uk/mackay/abstracts/TideEstimate.html).
- MacLeay, I., Harris, K., and Michaels, C. (2007). Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics 2007. [www.berr.gov.uk](http://www.berr.gov.uk).
- Malanima, P. (2006). Energy crisis and growth 1650–1850: the European deviation in a comparative perspective. *Journal of Global History*, 1:101–121. doi:10.1017/S1740022806000064.
- Marland, G., Boden, T., and Andres, R. J. (2007). Global, regional, and national CO2 emissions. In *Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change*. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA. [cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre\_glob.htm](http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/tre_glob.htm).
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (2006). The future of geothermal energy. [geothermal.inel.gov/publications/future\_of\_geothermal\_energy.pdf](http://geothermal.inel.gov/publications/future_of_geothermal_energy.pdf).
- McBride, J. P., Moore, R. E., Witherspoon, J. P., and Blanco, R. E. (1978). Radiological impact of airborne effluents of coal and nuclear plants. *Science*, 202(4372):1045–1050. doi:10.1126/science.202.4372.1045.
- Meadows, M. (1996). Estimating landfill methane emissions. *Energy Conversion and Management*, 37(6-8):1099–1104. doi:10.1016/0196-8904(95)00304-5.
- Metz, B., Davidson, O., de Coninck, H., Loos, M., and Meyer, L., editors. (2005). *Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage*. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 978-0-521-68551-1. [www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/srccs.htm](http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/srccs.htm).
- Mills, D. R. and Lièvre, P. L. (2004). Competitive solar electricity. [www.ausra.com/pdfs/Paper\_CompetitiveSolarElectricity.pdf](http://www.ausra.com/pdfs/Paper_CompetitiveSolarElectricity.pdf).
- Mills, D. R. and Morgan, R. G. (2008). Solar thermal electricity as the primary replacement for coal and oil in US generation and transportation. [www.ausra.com/technology/reports.html](http://www.ausra.com/technology/reports.html).
- Mills, D. R. and Morrison, G. L. (2000). Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector solar thermal powerplants. *Solar Energy*, 68(3):263–283. doi:10.1016/S0038-092X(99)00068-7.
- Mills, D. R., Le Lièvre, P., and Morrison, G. L. (2004). First results from Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector installation. [solarheatpower.veritel.com.au/MILLS\_CLFR\_ANZSES\_FINAL.pdf](http://solarheatpower.veritel.com.au/MILLS_CLFR_ANZSES_FINAL.pdf).
- Mindl, P. (2003). Hybrid drive super-capacitor energy storage calculation. [www3.fs.cvut.cz/web/fileadmin/documents/12241-BOZEK/publikace/2003/Supcap6\_EDPE.pdf](http://www3.fs.cvut.cz/web/fileadmin/documents/12241-BOZEK/publikace/2003/Supcap6_EDPE.pdf).
- Mollison, D. (1986). Wave climate and the wave power resource. In D. Evans and A. de O. Falcao, editors, *Hydrodynamic of Ocean Wave-Energy Utilization*, pages 133–156, Berlin. Springer. [www.ma.hw.ac.uk/ denis/wave.html](http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/%20denis/wave.html).
- Mollison, D. (1991). The UK wave power resource. In *Wave Energy (Institution of Mechanical Engineers – Seminar)*, pages 1–6. John Wiley & Sons. [www.ma.hw.ac.uk/ denis/wave.html](http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/%20denis/wave.html).
- Mollison, D., Buneman, O. P., and Salter, S. H. (1976). Wave power availability in the NE Atlantic. *Nature*, 263(5574):223–226. [www.ma.hw.ac.uk/ denis/wave.html](http://www.ma.hw.ac.uk/%20denis/wave.html).
- Monteith, J. L. (1977). Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. *Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London*, 281:277–294.
- National Bureau of Economic Research. (2001). NBER macrohistory database. [www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/](http://www.nber.org/databases/macrohistory/contents/).
- Neftel, A., Friedli, H., Moor, E., Lötscher, H., Oeschger, H., Siegenthaler, U., and Stauffer, B. (1994). Historical CO2 record from the Siple station ice core. In *Trends: A Compendium of Data on Global Change*. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA. [cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/siple.htm](http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/co2/siple.htm).
- Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency. (2006). History database of the global environment. [www.mnp.nl/hyde/](http://www.mnp.nl/hyde/).
- Nickol, C. L. (2008). Silent Aircraft Initiative concept risk assessment. [ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080012497\_2008011089.pdf](http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20080012497_2008011089.pdf).
- Norrström, H. (1980). Low waste technology in pulp and paper industries. *Pure & Appl. Chem.*, 52:1999–2004. [www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1980/pdf/5208x1999.pdf](http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1980/pdf/5208x1999.pdf).
- Nuttall, W. J. (2004). *Nuclear Renaissance*. Institute of Physics Publishing.
- OECD Nuclear Energy Agency. (2006). *Forty Years of Uranium Resources, Production and Demand in perspective*. OECD Publishing. ISBN 9264028064. [books.google.com/books?id=HIT1o985uKYC](http://books.google.com/books?id=HIT1o985uKYC).
- Ongena, J. and Van Oost, G. (2006). Energy for future centuries. Will fusion be an inexhaustible, safe and clean energy source? [www.fusie-energie.nl/artikelen/ongena.pdf](http://www.fusie-energie.nl/artikelen/ongena.pdf).
- Oswald, J., Raine, M., and Ashraf-Ball, H. (2008). Will British weather provide reliable electricity? *Energy Policy*, in press. doi:10.1016/j.enpol.2008.04.03.
- Price, R. and Blaise, J. (2002). Nuclear fuel resources: Enough to last? [www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oecd/16059581/2002/00000020/00000002/6802021e](http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/oecd/16059581/2002/00000020/00000002/6802021e).
- Putt, R. (2007). Algae as a biodiesel feedstock: A feasibility assessment. [www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/pdfs/algae.pdf](http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/pdfs/algae.pdf).
- Quayle, R. G. and Changery, M. J. (1981). Estimates of coastal deepwater wave energy potential for the world. *Oceans*, 13:903–907. [ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel6/8271/25889/01151590.pdf](http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel6/8271/25889/01151590.pdf).
- Rice, T. and Owen, P. (1999). *Decommissioning the Brent Spar*. Taylor and Francis.
- Richards, B. S. and Watt, M. E. (2007). Permanently dispelling a myth of photovoltaics via the adoption of a new net energy indicator. *Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews*, 11(1):162–172. [www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13640321](http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/13640321).
- Richards, H. G., Parker, R. H., Green, A. S. P., Jones, R. H., Nicholls, J. D. M., Nicol, D. A. C., Randall, M. M., Richards, S., Stewart, R. C., and Willis-Richards, J. (1994). The performance and characteristics of the experimental hot dry rock geothermal reservoir at Rosemanowes, Cornwall (1985-1988). *Geothermics*, 23(2):73–109. ISSN 0375-6505.
- Ridley, T. M. and Catling, D. T. (1982). The energy implications of the design of mass transit railways. Presented at Tunnelling '82 (Third International Symposium), Brighton.
- Rogner, H.-H. (2000). Energy resources. In *World Energy Assessment – Energy and the challenge of sustainability*, chapter 5. UNDP, New York, USA. [www.undp.org/energy/activities/wea/draft-start.html](http://www.undp.org/energy/activities/wea/draft-start.html).
- Ross, A. (2008). The Loch Sloy hydro-electric scheme 1950. [www.arrocharheritage.com/LochSloyHydroElectricScheme.htm](http://www.arrocharheritage.com/LochSloyHydroElectricScheme.htm).
- Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. (2004). Biomass as a renewable energy source. [www.rcep.org.uk](http://www.rcep.org.uk).
- Royal Society working group on biofuels. (2008). Sustainable biofuels: prospects and challenges. [royalsociety.org](http://royalsociety.org). Policy document 01/08.
- Rubbia, C., Rubio, J., Buono, S., Carminati, F., Fiétier, N., Galvez, J., Gelès, C., Kadi, Y., Klapisch, R., Mandrillon, P., Revol, J., and Roche, C. (1995). Conceptual design of a fast neutron operated high power energy amplifier. Technical Report CERN/AT/95-44 (ET), European Organization for Nuclear Research. [doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/other/generic/public/cer-0210391.pdf](http://doc.cern.ch//archive/electronic/other/generic/public/cer-0210391.pdf).
- Ruddell, A. (2003). Investigation on storage technologies for intermittent renewable energies: Evaluation and recommended r\&d strategy. [www.itpower.co.uk/investire/pdfs/flywheelrep.pdf](http://www.itpower.co.uk/investire/pdfs/flywheelrep.pdf).
- Rydh, C. J. and Karlström, M. (2002). Life cycle inventory of recycling portable nickel-cadmium batteries. *Resources, Conservation and Recycling*, 34:289–309. [homepage.te.hik.se/personal/tryca/battery/abstracts.htm](http://homepage.te.hik.se/personal/tryca/battery/abstracts.htm).
- Salter, S. H. (2005). Possible under-estimation of the UK tidal resource. [www.berr.gov.uk/files/file31313.pdf](http://www.berr.gov.uk/files/file31313.pdf). Submission for DTI Energy Review.
- Schellnhuber, H. J., Cramer, W., Nakicenovic, N., Wigley, T., and Yohe, G. (2006). *Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change*. Cambridge University Press. [www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/internat/pdf/avoid-dangercc.pdf](http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/climatechange/internat/pdf/avoid-dangercc.pdf).
- Schiermeier, Q., Tollefson, J., Scully, T., Witze, A., and Morton, O. (2008). Energy alternatives: Electricity without carbon. *Nature*, 454:816–823. doi:10.1038/454816a.
- Schlaich, J. and Schiel, W. (2001). Solar chimneys. In R. A. Meyers, editor, *Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology*. Academic Press, London, 3rd edition. ISBN 0-12-227410-5. [www.solarmillennium.de/pdf/SolarCh.pdf](http://www.solarmillennium.de/pdf/SolarCh.pdf).
- Schlaich, J., Bergermann, R., Schiel, W., and Weinrebe, G. (2005). Design of commercial solar updraft tower systems – utilization of solar induced convective flows for power generation. *Journal of Solar Energy Engineering*, 127(1):117–124. doi:10.1115/1.1823493. [www.sbp.de/de/html/contact/download/The\_Solar\_Updraft.pdf](http://www.sbp.de/de/html/contact/download/The_Solar_Updraft.pdf).
- Schmer, M. R., Vogel, K. P., Mitchell, R. B., and Perrin, R. K. (2008). Net energy of cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass. *PNAS*, 105(2):464–469. doi:10.1073/pnas.0704767105. [www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/105/2/464](http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/full/105/2/464).
- Schuiling, R. and Krijgsman, P. (2006). Enhanced weathering; an effective and cheap tool to sequester co2. *Climatic Change*, 74(1-3):349–354.
- Schwartz, S. I., editor. (1998). *Atomic Audit: Costs and Consequences of US* Nuclear Weapons Since 1940. Brookings Institution Press, Washington, D.C. [www.brook.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/schwartz.htm](http://www.brook.edu/fp/projects/nucwcost/schwartz.htm).
- Seko, N., Katakai, A., Hasegawa, S., Tamada, M., Kasai, N., Takeda, H., Sugo, T., and Saito, K. (2003). Aquaculture of uranium in seawater by a fabric-adsorbent submerged system. *Nuclear Technology*, 144(2):274–278.
- Shapouri, H., Duffield, J. A., and Graboski, M. S. (1995). Estimating the net energy balance of corn ethanol.[www.ethanol-gec.org/corn\_eth.htm](http://www.ethanol-gec.org/corn_eth.htm). United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Economic Report Number 721.
- Sharman, H. (2005). Why wind power works for Denmark. *Proceedings of ICE Civil Engineering*, 158:66–72. [incoteco.com/upload/CIEN.158.2.66.pdf](http://incoteco.com/upload/CIEN.158.2.66.pdf).
- Shaw, T. L. and Watson, M. J. (2003a). The effects of pumping on the energy potential of a tidal power barrage. *Engineering Sustainability*, 156(2):111–117. ISSN 1478-4637. doi:10.1680/ensu.156.2.111.37018.
- Shaw, T. L. and Watson, M. J. (2006). Flexible power generation from a Severn barrage. [www.dti.gov.uk/files/file31332.pdf](http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file31332.pdf).
- Shaw, T. L. and Watson, M. J. (2003b). Flexible power generation from the tides. *Engineering Sustainability*, 156(2):119–123. ISSN 1478-4629.
- Shepherd, D. W. (2003). *Energy Studies*. Imperial College Press.
- Shockley, W. and Queisser, H. J. (1961). Detailed balance limit of efficiency of *p–n* junction solar cells. *Journal of Applied Physics*, 32(3):510–519.
- Shyy, W., Berg, M., and Ljungqvist, D. (1999). Flapping and flexible wings for biological and micro air vehicles. *Progress in Aerospace Sciences*, 35(5):455–505.
- Siegenthaler, U., Monnin, E., Kawamura, K., Spahni, R., Schwander, J., Stauffer, B., Stocker, T., Barnola, J.-M., and Fischer, H. (2005). Supporting evidence from the EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice core for atmospheric CO2 changes during the past millennium. *Tellus B*, 57(1):51–57. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00131.x. [ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/maud/edml-co2-2005.xls](http://ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/antarctica/maud/edml-co2-2005.xls).
- Sims, R., Schock, R., Adegbululgbe, A., Fenhann, J., Konstantinaviciute, I., Moomaw, W., Nimir, H., Schlamadinger, B., Torres-Martínez, J., Turner, C., Uchiyama, Y., Vuori, S., Wamukonya, N., and Zhang, X. (2007). Energy supply. In B. Metz, O. Davidson, P. Bosch, R. Dave, , and L. Meyer, editors, *Climate Change 2007: Mitigation. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change*. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. [www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter4.pdf](http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg3/ar4-wg3-chapter4.pdf).
- Sinden, G. (2005). Variability of UK marine resources. Technical report, Oxford. [www.carbontrust.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/EC293061-611D-4BC8-A75C-9F84138184D3/0/variability\_uk\_marine\_energy\_resources.pdf](http://www.carbontrust.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/EC293061-611D-4BC8-A75C-9F84138184D3/0/variability_uk_marine_energy_resources.pdf).
- Sleath, J. F. A. (1984). *Sea bed mechanics*. Wiley, New York. ISBN 047189091X.
- Socolow, R. (2006). Stabilization wedges: An elaboration of the concept. In H. J. Schellnhuber, W. Cramer, N. Nakicenovic, T. Wigley, and G. Yohe, editors, *Avoiding Dangerous Climate Change*. Cambridge University Press.
- Steinberg, M. and Dang, V. (1975). Preliminary design and analysis of a process for the extraction of lithium from seawater. Technical Report 20535-R, Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, N.Y. (USA). [www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti\_id=7351225](http://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=7351225). Presented at Symposium on United States lithium resources and requirements by the year 2000; 22 Jan 1976; Lakewood, CO, USA.
- Stern, N. (2007). *The Economics of Climate Change*. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
- Subcommittee on Poultry Nutrition, National Research Council. (1994). *Nutrient Requirements of Poultry*. National Academy Press, Washington, ninth revised edition edition. [www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309048923](http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309048923).
- Supple, B. (1987). *The history of the British coal industry. Vol. 4, 1913–1946: the political economy of decline*. Clarendon, Oxford. ISBN 019828294X.
- Taylor, G. I. (1920). Tidal friction in the Irish Sea. *R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A*, 220:1–33. doi:10.1098/rsta.1920.0001.
- Taylor, G. K. (2002a). Are you missing the boat? the ekranoplan in the 21st century – its possibilities and limitations. [www.hypercraft-associates.com/areyoumissingtheboat2002.pdf](http://www.hypercraft-associates.com/areyoumissingtheboat2002.pdf). Presented at the 18th Fast Ferry Conference, Nice, France.
- Taylor, S. J. (2002b). The Severn barrage – definition study for a new appraisal of the project. [www.dti.gov.uk/files/file15363.pdf](http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file15363.pdf). ETSU REPORT NO. T/09/00212/00/REP.
- Tennekes, H. (1997). *The Simple Science of Flight*. MIT Press.
- Thakur, P. C., Little, H. G., and Karis, W. G. (1996). Global coalbed methane recovery and use. *Energy Conversion and Management*, 37(6/8):789–794.
- The Earthworks Group. (1989). *50 Simple things you can do to save the earth*. The Earthworks Press, Berkeley, California. ISBN 0-929634-06-3.
- Treloar, G. J., Love, P. E. D., and Crawford, R. H. (2004). Hybrid life-cycle inventory for road construction and use. *J. Constr. Engrg. and Mgmt.*, 130(1):43–49.
- Trieb, F. and Knies, G. (2004). A renewable energy and development partnership EU-ME-NA for large scale solar thermal power and desalination in the Middle East and in North Africa. [www.gezen.nl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/sanaa-paper-and-annex\_15-04-2004.pdf](http://www.gezen.nl/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2006/09/sanaa-paper-and-annex_15-04-2004.pdf).
- Tsuruta, T. (2005). Removal and recovery of lithium using various microorganisms. *Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering*, 100(5):562–566. [www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jbb/100/5/100\_562/\_article](http://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jbb/100/5/100_562/_article).
- Turkenburg, W. C. (2000). Renewable energy technologies. In *World Energy Assessment – Energy and the challenge of sustainability*, chapter 7. UNDP, New York, USA. [www.undp.org/energy/activities/wea/draft-start.html](http://www.undp.org/energy/activities/wea/draft-start.html).
- Ucuncu, A. (1993). Energy recovery from mixed paper waste. Technical report, NC, USA. [www.p2pays.org/ref/11/10059.pdf](http://www.p2pays.org/ref/11/10059.pdf).
- Van den Berg, G. (2004). Effects of the wind profile at night on wind turbine sound. *Journal of Sound and Vibration*, 277:955–970. [www.nowap.co.uk/docs/windnoise.pdf](http://www.nowap.co.uk/docs/windnoise.pdf).
- van Voorthuysen, E. d. M. (2008). Two scenarios for a solar world economy. *Int. J. Global Environmental Issues*, 8(3):233–247.
- Ventour, L. (2008). The food we waste. [news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/foodwewaste\_fullreport08\_05\_08.pdf](http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/foodwewaste_fullreport08_05_08.pdf).
- Warwick HRI. (2007). Direct energy use in agriculture: opportunities for reducing fossil fuel inputs.[www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/whri/research/climatechange/energy/direct\_energy\_\_use\_in\_agriculture.pdf](http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/sci/whri/research/climatechange/energy/direct_energy__use_in_agriculture.pdf).
- Water UK. (2006). Towards sustainability 2005–2006. [www.water.org.uk/home/policy/reports/sustainability/indicators-2005-06/towards-sustainability-2005-2006.pdf](http://www.water.org.uk/home/policy/reports/sustainability/indicators-2005-06/towards-sustainability-2005-2006.pdf).
- Watson, J., Hertin, J., Randall, T., and Gough, C. (2002). Renewable energy and combined heat and power resources in the UK. Technical report. [www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/working\_papers/wp22.pdf](http://www.tyndall.ac.uk/publications/working_papers/wp22.pdf). Working Paper 22.
- Wavegen. (2002). Islay Limpet project monitoring – final report. [www.wavegen.co.uk/pdf/art.1707.pdf](http://www.wavegen.co.uk/pdf/art.1707.pdf).
- Weber, C. L. and Matthews, H. S. (2008). Food-miles and the relative climate impacts of food choices in the United States.*Environ. Sci. Technol.*, 42(10):3508–3513. doi:10.1021/es702969f.
- Weightman, M. (2007). Report of the investigation into the leak of dissolver product liquor at the Thermal Oxide Reprocessing Plant (THORP), Sellafield, notified to HSE on 20 April 2005. [www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/thorpreport.pdf](http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/thorpreport.pdf).
- Wiedmann, T., Wood, R., Lenzen, M., Minx, J., Guan, D., and Barrett, J. (2008). Development of an embedded carbon emissions indicator – producing a time series of input-output tables and embedded carbon dioxide emissions for the UK by using a MRIO data optimisation system. [randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=EV02033\_7331\_FRP.pdf](http://randd.defra.gov.uk/Document.aspx?Document=EV02033_7331_FRP.pdf).
- Williams, D. and Baverstock, K. (2006). Chernobyl and the future: Too soon for a final diagnosis. *Nature*, 440:993–994. doi:10.1038/440993a.
- Williams, E. (2004). Energy intensity of computer manufacturing: hybrid assessment combining process and economic input-output methods. *Environ Sci Technol*, 38(22):6166–6174. ISSN 0013-936X. [www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573621?dopt=Abstract](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15573621?dopt=Abstract).
- Williams, R. H. (2000). Advanced energy supply technologies. In *World Energy Assessment – Energy and the challenge of sustainability*, chapter 8. UNDP, New York, USA. [www.undp.org/energy/activities/wea/draft-start.html](http://www.undp.org/energy/activities/wea/draft-start.html).
- Wilson, E. M. and Balls, M. (1990). Tidal power generation. In P. Novak, editor, *Developments in Hydraulic Engineering*, chapter 2. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 185166095X.
- Wood, B. (1985). Economic district heating from existing turbines. *Institution of Civil Engineers Proceedings pt. 1*, 77:27–48.
- Yaros, B. (1997). Life-cycle thinking for wood and paper products. In E. Ellwood, J. Antle, G. Eyring, and P. Schulze, editors, *Wood in Our Future: The Role of Life-Cycle Analysis: Proceedings of a Symposium*.
- Zaleski, C. P. (2005). The future of nuclear power in France, the EU and the world for the next quarter-century. [www.npec-web.org/Essays/Essay050120 Zalenski - Future of Nuclear Power.pdf](http://www.npec-web.org/Essays/Essay050120%20Zalenski%20-%20Future%20of%20Nuclear%20Power.pdf). [tinyurl.com/32louu](http://tinyurl.com/32louu).
- Zhu, X.-G., Long, S. P., and Ort, D. R. (2008). What is the maximum efficiency with which photosynthesis can convert solar energy into biomass? *Current Opinion in Biotechnology*, 19:153–159.